APPLICATION WINDOW AND ITS COMPUNENT:
Every graphical windows based
application creates at least one window, called the main window that serves as
the primary interface between the user and the application. Most applications
also create other windows, either directly or indirectly,to perform task
related to the main window. Each window plays a part in displaying output and
receiving input from the user. When you start an application, the system also
associate a task bar button with the application. The task bar button contains
the program icon and title. When the application is active, its task bat button
is displayed in the pushed state an application window includes elements such
as a title bar, the window menu, the minimize button, the maximize button, the
close button, a sizing border, a client area, a horizontal scroll bar and a
vertical scroll bar. An application main window typically includes all of these
components. The following illustration shows these components in the typical
main window.
Client Area:
The client area is the part of a window
where the application displays output such as text or graphics.
Title Bar:The title bar displays an application defined icon and line of text;
typically, the text specifies the name of the application or indicates the
purpose of the window. An application specifies the icon and the text when
creating the window. The title bar also makes it possible for the user to move
the window by using a mouse or other pointing device.
Menu Bar:Most
applications include a menu bar that lists the commands supported by the
application. Items in the menu bar represent the main categories of commands.
Clicking an item on the menu bar typically opens a pop up menu whose items
correspond to the task within a given category. Byclicking a command, the user
directs the application to carry out a task.
Buttons:The
buttons in the upper right corner affect the size and position of the window.
When you click the maximize button, the system enlarges the window to the size
of the screen and positions the window, so it covers the entire desktop, minus
the task bar. At the same time, the system replace the maximize button with the
restore button. When you click the restore button, the system restores the
window to its previous size and position. When you click the minimize button,
the system reduces the window to the size of its task bar button, positions the
window over the task bar button, and displays the task bar button in its normal
state. To restore the application to its previous size and position, click its
task bar button. When you click the close button, the application exits.
Sizing Border:
The
sizing border is an area around the perimeter of the window that enables the
user to size the window by using a mouse or other
pointing devices.
Horizontal Bar and Vertical Bar:The
horizontal scroll bar and vertical scroll bar convert mouse and key board input
into values that and application uses to shift the contents of the client area
either horizontally or vertically. For example, a word processing application
that displays a lengthy document typically provides a vertical scroll bar to
enable the user to page up and down through the document.
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