A DEVICE
THAT IS USED TO ENHANCE THE PHYSICALCAPABILITIES OF HUMAN TO PERFORM OPERATIONS
IS CALLED MACHINES. A COMPUTER IS ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT ACCEPT DATA FROM USER
AND THAN PROCESS IT AND PRODUCE INFORMATION.
BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER
The brief history of computers is given
below:
ABACUS:
`Approximately 5,000 years ago the
Chinese invented the very firstly device used for counting and calculating.
This device was called ABACUS and is still used in today. It is generally made
of wooden box which has wooden frame, metal rods and wooden beads. The most
common ABACUS split into two rows of wooden beads. The top row for the “5’s”
and the bottom row for the “ones”. There are two beads in the top row, and five
beads in the bottom one.
NAPIER’S LOGS AND BONES
In, 1617, a Scottish scientist Napier
developed a device of marked rods to do multiplication and division. This
device is known as Napier’s bones. He also created algorithm to make the
calculation easier.
PASCAL’S CALCULATING MACHINE:
In 1642, a French mathematician B.
Pascal developed a mechanical calculating machine. It was called Pascaline. It was
wooden box that could add and subtract.
LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR:
A few years after Pascal, a German
scientist G. Leibniz developed a four function calculator. It could add,
subtract, multiply and divide. Leibniz was the first person who used the binary
number system which is the base of all modern computers operations.
TABULATING MACHINE:
In 1880, H. Hollerith, an American professor
developed a card reading machine for quick counting called “tabulating
machine”. It was used firstly in American census in 1890.
MARK 1:
In 1944 Howard Aiken, an American
professor of Harvard university turned the dream of Babbage into reality. He
made a larger computer Mark 1 with the help of IBM. It was the first AEM
computer. It could perform two 10 digits multiplication in five seconds.
ENIAC:
In 1946, J.P.Eckert and John Mauchly
developed the first general purpose electronic computer known as ENIAC. It
could perform 5000 additions per seconds. It was very heavy machine; it weighed
more than 27 tons and occupies a lot of space. It consumes a lot of power.
EDVAC:
After
ENIAC J.P.Eckert and John Mauchly designed the EDVAC. It was the first computer
to use the binary system for operations. EDVAC was an arithmetic-only computer
working with binary numbers rather than the decimal operations of ENIAC. It
is very useful computer in this technology.
APPLE
COMPUTER;
In
1977 two- young men in their twenties S. Wozniak and S. Jobs developed a
computer called Apple-1. This computer was small in size and user friendly.
IBM (PC);
In 1981 after the grand success of
apple-2 IBM largest producers of computers seriously thought about manufacturing
small computers. Eventually they made it with the brand name of PC. PC stands
for personal computer. IBMPC contained Intel processor and Microsoft disk
operating system. It saved and loaded data on an audio cassette. IBM sells PCs
in large volume and hence became popular amongst the common man.
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